Lähdekoodi sivulle Dekooderit/Digital-dekooderit

The c80 was the first decoder for Märklin digital. Later came the c90 decoder and the simpler DELTA decoder. Compared to the DELTA decoders they have an auxiliary function and full address selection. The aux. function is directional and the brightness is independent from speed. An 8-pole DIP switch allows the configuration of all 80 digital addresses.

== The c80 digital decoder, number 6080 ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| chip || Zymos M60349, LME03, 701.13
|-
| headlight || directional
|-
| functions || aux. function
|-
| addresses || DIP switch, 80 digital, automatic analog mode
|-
| motor || [[SFCM]], [[LFCM]], [[DCM]]
|-
| size || 36 × 21 × 9 mm
|}

The c80 was the first digital decoder, and had different chips in its time of evolution. It is not produced any more. It has automatic detection of analog track, supports directional headlights which can be remotely switched off. It understands the Motorola 1 protocol. It disappeared in 2000. Nowadays a 66032 can offer the same features, with flicker-free headlights and protected outputs.

The decoder is also registered under spare number 602850. 

=== The c81 digital decoder, number 6081 ===
{| class="wikitable" 
|-
| chip || Zymos M60349, LME03, 701.13
|-
| headlight || directional
|-
| functions || aux. function
|-
| addresses || DIP switch, 80 digital, automatic analog mode
|-
| motor || DC
|-
| size || 36 × 21 × 9 mm
|}

The c81 is identical to the c80 except for the motor driving stage. The c81 drives DC motors, whereas the c80 is used for standard märklin motors. It disappeared in 2000. 

== Digital high performance decoders ==
With the c90 high-performance decoder Märklin set a new reference in loco decoder performance. The decoder evaluates the back EMF of the motor (that is the generated voltage when a motor works as generator) and uses this feedback in a control loop of the motor. By these means, the motor is driven such that a constant speed is achieved. The performance has been further improved with the current 60902 decoders. With these, at speed step 1 (of the range 1 - 27) locos crawl at 5 mm/s and slower so that it is a pleasure to watch the rods of a steam engine.

To produce a back EMF the motor must be a DC motor. This means that the conventional field windings of a märklin motor have to be replaced by a permanent field magnet. Furthermore, the usual three-pole armatures are replaced by five-pole armatures to get improved running characteristics. 

=== The c90 high performance digital decoder, number 6090 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| chip || 701.13
|-
| headlight || directional
|-
| functions || aux. function
|-
| addresses || DIP switch, 80 digital, automatic analog mode
|-
| motor || [[DCM]] converted to DC
|-
| size || 36 × 21 × 9 mm
|}

The c90 came as a set of a decoder, a permanent field magnet to replace the field windings, a five-pole armature to replace the three-pole drum collector armature, a corresponding motor cover, and two inductors. An inductor is soldered to each brush to suppress inductive spikes from the motor otherwise disturbing or damaging the decoder. It disappeared 1998.

The c90 decoder has a 701.13 chip, hence it only understands the older Motorola 1 protocol. The motor control loop is built with an operational amplifier and further discrete components, it is not integrated in the decoder chip. Maximum speed and acceleration parameter can be adjusted with potentiometers. Analog track voltage is automatically detected. Headlights are directional, flicker, and can be remotely switched. No other functions are provided.

The decoder only is registered under the two spare numbers 648680 and 614090. Some people say one is stronger than the other, but they seem to be basically identical.

The 6090 set consists of:
* 386820: rotor
* 386940: motor cover
* 389000: field magnet
* 516520: inductor
* 614090: decoder (obsolete)
* 648680: decoder (current)

Links:
* [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/Seite05/index-5d.html Schematic of the 6090-decoder] by Thomas Krüger, at [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/index-0.html Michael Prieskorn]
* [http://www.pallund.dk/6090.htm The same schematic and pictures] at [http://www.pallund.dk/ Kenneth Pallund]
* [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Basteln/Elektronik/orange6090.htm Flicker-free lights], i.e. where to get the orange cable, by [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Eisenbahn.htm Hanno Brüninghaus]

=== The 60901 DCM high performance decoder set ===
Like the 6090 set, the 60901 comes as a set of decoder and motor components to convert a conventional drum collector motor ([[DCM]]) to DC operation. It was introduced in 1997.

The motor plate is usually fixed with 10 mm long bolts, spare number 785120. Sometimes the longer 12 mm bolts are appropriate, spare number 785140. The 3.9 uH inductors are separately available under spare number 516520. A decoder clip-on holder is available as spare part 258820, which is usually fixed with the M2 bolt 756100 (slot-head) or 786790(cross-head).

The 60901 set consists of:
* 386820: rotor (blue mark)
* 386940: motor cover
* 389000: field magnet
* 516520: inductor
* 601460: pair of brushes
* 60902: decoder

Links:
* [http://www.ralf-bueker.de/Schaltplaene_fuer_Digitaldecoder.htm German "manual" on how to wire the 60901 and other decoders] by [http://www.ralf-bueker.de/ Ralf Büker]

=== The 60902 high performance decoder ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| chip || 701.22
|-
| headlight || directional, flicker-free, protected
|-
| functions || aux. function, f1, f2 (all protected); f4 momentum off
|-
| addresses || DIP switch, 80 digital, automatic analog mode
|-
| motor || DC; 60901 converts a [[DCM]] to DC, 60904 converts [[LFCM]] to DC
|-
| size || 36 × 21 × 9 mm
|}

The 60902 is the successor of the c90, and was introduced in 1997. Its motor regulation performance has been improved over the c90. The control circuit is integrated in the decoder chip, which is a 701.22. The decoder provides two extended functions f1 and f2, and the circuit board has provision for further components to provide functions f3 and f4, but by default f4 is used to turn off the acceleration and deceleration delay to get instant control over the loco. The decoder chip understands the Motorola 2 protocol, provides 27 speed steps, has automatic analog detection, and flicker-free lighting. Positive and negative rectified track voltage is available for flicker-free lighting and as supply for other circuits, e. g. sound modules.

The 60902 is just the decoder without motor parts, and may be used to replace the decoder of a c90 loco to get improved motor control and additional functions. Complete sets with the required motor parts are available as number 60901, 60903, or 60904. See below.

There are variants of the 60902 with different function outputs. The version with the functions f2 and f3, but no f1, has number 519090 (source: [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/ Hans-Günter Heiserholt], [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/p03_maedec_dig04.htm more infos]) and is used, for example, in the E40 from the starter set 29855. ([http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/p02_ma_37401-10_i.htm Infos] by [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/ Hans-Günter Heiserholt]). The version with all three functions f1, f2, and f3, is used, for example, in the BR18.4 from the starter set 29855. Another three-function version, with a different printed circuit board, but same functionality and size, has been used in the V160 from the starter set 29845, see below.

Links:
* [http://www.jus-kn.de/c91_e.htm Schematic and extensions of the 60902-decoder (in English] and [http://www.jus-kn.de/c91.htm German)] by [http://www.jus-kn.de/ Jürgen Schad]
* [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/Seite02/index-2.html Detailed description how to extend the 60902-decoder with more function outputs] (follow the link 60902-Tuning) by [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/index-0.html Michael Prieskorn]
* [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Basteln/Elektronik/Fx_6090x.htm Detailed description how to extend the 60902-decoder with more function outputs] (in German) by [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Eisenbahn.htm Hanno Brüninghaus]
* [http://www.ralf-bueker.de/Schaltplaene_fuer_Digitaldecoder.htm German "manual" on how to wire the 60902 and other decoders] by [http://www.ralf-bueker.de/ Ralf Büker]

==== The 60902 decoders in miniature size ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60902
|-
| spare part no || 603858, 603808, 605549, 603462
|-
| built in model || 603858: E18-15, 37681<br />603808: BR86, 26508<br />605549: E40, 37401<br />603462: Dampfspeicherlok, 37250, 26504
|-
| chip || 701.22 B
|-
| functions || no f1 - f3, f4 momentum off
|-
| motor || [[DCM]], converted to DC
|-
| size || 22 × 16.5 × 6 mm
|}

These are small-size versions of the 60902. Due to space limitations the decoder has no external functions. The different order numbers are basically the same decoder and differ only in the attached cables which are tailored to the specific model. A decoder clip-on holder is available as spare part 456200, which is usually fixed with the M2 bolt 756100.

Links:
* [http://kos.de/stammtisch/Know-How/Digitalisierungen/34132/34132-3/34132-3.html Decoder connections] as part of a conversion info (German) by Jochem Holzhäuser, on the [http://kos.de/stammtisch/home.html MIST7 page]
* Picture [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/images/37681/dek-o.jpg 1] and [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/images/37681/dek-u.jpg 2] of the 603858 from [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/ Hans-Günter Heiserholt]

==== The 60902-equivalent special decoder of the Cargo Sprinter (can motor, pickup switch) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60902
|-
| spare part no || 207314
|-
| built in model || Cargo Sprinter 3709x
|-
| chip || 701.22
|-
| functions || only aux. function
|-
| motor || DC
|}

This decoder lacks all extra functions, not even f4 is available to turn off the acceleration and deceleration delay to get instant control over the motor. The decoder has an extra relay for pickup shoe switching so that supply is always taken from the front pickup shoe.

* [http://www.jus-kn.de/cargo.htm Extension of the Cargo Sprinter decoder with f4] by [http://www.jus-kn.de/ Jürgen Schad]

==== The 60902-equivalent special decoder of the S-Bahn Loks (60902 with pickup switch) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60902
|-
| spare part no || 608074 (from 26511)
|-
| built in model || S-Bahn BR143 26507<br />BR110 26511
|-
| chip || 701.22
|-
| functions || aux. function, f4 momentum off
|-
| motor || [[DCM]]
|}

This decoder lacks all extra functions, but f1 can rather easily be added. The decoder has two pickup inputs, to let the decoder run from the pickup at the front of the train. A function output switches connection with the supply from the rear pickup, which is most suitable for car interior lighting. By default, this function is wired together with the headlights, but can be converted to f1. Loco rear headlights (towards cars) can be permanently deactivated with a jumper. Pickup switching can be permanently deactivated with another jumper.

* [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Basteln/Loks/E/S-Bahnzug%20BR143.htm Pictures of the BR143] by [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Eisenbahn.htm Hanno Brüninghaus]
* For conversions (in German) and (questionable) schematics, see [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/p02_ma_26507-11_i.htm Wendezüge Umbau Info] by [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/ Hans-Günter Heiserholt]

==== The 60902-equivalent special decoder of the V 200 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60902
|-
| spare part no || 601944
|-
| built in model || V200: 37803
|-
| chip || 701.22 B, early versions 701.17
|-
| functions || f1 - f4, for sound and light effects
|-
| motor || DCM, converted to DC
|}

This is the decoder of the V200 with sound module (spare no. 601865). Function outputs are connected to the sound module. Further motor signals are wired to the sound module to allow motor synchronous sound.

Early locos had a 701.17 chip, the mass production has a different board with a 701.22 chip. This is very interesting since the two chips have very different properties. The .17 has external motor control circuitry, the .22 has it built in. The .22 would allow to use f4 to turn off acceleration delay, but the .17 does not. However, Märklin has chosen to use all 4 functions for sound and light effects. This decoder proves also that the .17 chip supports automatic analog track detection.

* [http://mitglied.tripod.de/Bardioc/Seite07/index-7a.html Locos with sound] by [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/index-0.html Michael Prieskorn]

==== The 60902-equivalent special decoder of the V 160, BR 216, E18 40 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60902
|-
| spare part no || 602759
|-
| built in model || V160: from 29845 set<br />BR216: 37744<br />E18-40: 26509
|-
| chip || 701.22 B
|-
| functions || f1 unused, f2 + f3 for sound effects, f4 momentum off
|-
| motor || DCM, converted to DC
|-
| size || 36 × 21 × 9 mm
|}

This is the decoder of the V160 / BR 216 with sound module (spare no. 602749). Dimensions are identical to the 60902. f2 and f3 are connected to the sound module, f1 is unused and readily available. f1 has a more powerful driver transistor than f2 and f3.

* [http://mitglied.tripod.de/Bardioc/Seite07/index-7c.html Locos with sound] by [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/index-0.html Michael Prieskorn]
* [http://mitglied.tripod.de/Bardioc/Seite07/S7V160D.jpg picture] of the decoder on back of the sound board, by [http://members.tripod.com/~Bardioc/index-0.html Michael Prieskorn]
* Details about the [https://bogobit.de/602749/index.html 602749 sound module]

=== The 60903 SFCM high performance decoder set ===
New in 2003. The conversion set for small flat collector motors ([[SFCM]]). Probably consists of a 60902 decoder, rotor, motor cover, and maybe lamp sockets.

The motor plate is usually fixed with 10 mm long bolts, spare number 785120. Sometimes the longer 12 mm bolts are appropriate, spare number 785140. The 3.9 uH inductors are separately available under spare number 516520. A decoder clip-on holder is available as spare part 258820, which is usually fixed with the M2 bolt 756100 (slot-head) or 786790(cross-head). Two-pin light bulbs for digital locos are 610080 and fit into socket 604180 (press-fit socket for holes where bayonet "quarter-turn" bulbs were in) or socket 276770 (socket with wires for plug-in into threaded bulb socket).

The 60903 set consists of:
* 210888: 8-teeth rotor
* 224613: motor cover
* 224615: field magnet
* 516520: inductor
* 601460: pair of brushes
* 60902: decoder

According to a message in the insiderforum@yahoogroups.de, which in turn refers to märklin insider news, locos that can be converted in a straight forward manner are: 3017, 3128, 3028, 3032, 30321, 3034, 3037, 3937, 3038, 3039, 3040, 3044, 3077, 3078, 3088, 3144, 3378, 3688. Locos that require some milling or other adaptation are: 3000, 3013, 3016, 3029, 3030, 3170, 2670, 2870, 3064, 3065, 3131, 3141, 3149, 3087, 3090. The decoder cannot be mounted into the locos: 3001, 3003, 30031, 30032, 3005, 3086, 3091, 3093, 3099, 3095, 3103.

Links:
* [http://www.floodland.nl/trein/info/digitaal_en_6.htm 6090x part numbers] by [http://www.floodland.nl/ Huib Maaskant]

=== The 60904 LFCM high performance decoder set ===
The 60904 is the conversion set for most locos with large flat collector motors ([[LFCM]]), available since 2000. The 60904 set consists of:
* 214118: 7-teeth rotor
* 210888: 8-teeth rotor
* 210881: motor cover 1
* 214121: motor cover 2
* 210882: field magnet
* 516520: inductor
* 276770: lamp socket
* 601460: pair of brushes
* 60902: decoder

Links:
* [http://www.marklin.com/tech/2-2000.html 60904 Digital High-Efficiency Propulsion with loco list], from [http://www.marklin.com/ märklin USA].
* [http://www.persmodelrailroad.net/d60904.html Loco list for 60904 decoder] by [http://www.persmodelrailroad.net/index.html Per]

=== The 60905 high performance decoder ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| chip || 701.22
|-
| headlight || directional, flicker-free, protected
|-
| functions || aux. function, f1, f2 (all protected); f4 momentum off
|-
| addresses || DIP switch, 80 digital, automatic analog mode
|-
| motor || coreless DC motors ([[Faulhaber]] etc.)
|-
| size || 36 × 21 × 9 mm
|}

The 60905 was introduced in 2001. It is similar to the 60902, but its motor output is tailored to coreless DC motors, e. g. Faulhaber motors. The decoder chip understands the Motorola 2 protocol, provides 27 speed steps, has automatic analog detection, and flicker-free lighting. Positive and negative rectified track voltage is available for flicker-free lighting and as supply for other circuits, e. g. sound modules. 

==== The 6080-equivalent and 60905-equivalent special decoder of the BR 18.1 (Württ. C), BR 59 (Württ. K), BR 17 (Preuss. S10), BR 55 (Preuss. G8.1) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to ||colspan=3| 6080
|-
| spare part no || 673470 || 603876 || 205965
|-
| speed regulation || no || no || no
|-
| built in model || Wü. C: 3711, 37112<br />BR17: 37190 || S10: 2681 || BR55: 37550, ~1, ~3
|-
| chip ||colspan=3| 701.13
|-
| functions ||colspan=3| only aux. function
|-
| motor ||colspan=3| coreless DC
|}

Although the märklin number of the locos (37xxx) suggests that they have a high performance decoder, I think they belong to the 6080 digital decoder category, because these locos (as any with a 6080 decoder) do not have speed regulation.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to ||colspan=3| 60905
|-
| spare part no || 604575 || 606728 || 605293
|-
| speed regulation || yes || yes || yes
|-
| built in model || Württ. K: 37057, ~8, ~9<br />Wü. C: 37113, ~4 || BR17: 37192 || BR55: 37552, ~4, ~7
|-
| chip ||colspan=3| 701.22
|-
| functions ||colspan=3| aux. function, smoke generator, f4 = momentum off
|-
| motor ||colspan=3| coreless DC
|}

According to Tom Catherall, the 3711's decoder, 673470, is NOT a suitable replacement for the 3311, 3511, 3514, 3611, and 3614. He explained: "The tender used on the later class 18.1 is longer and so is the decoder which fits into the tender. The 6090 type decoder in the 3711 can be ordered with the spare part number 673470 for upgrading the 3411 DELTA version. The earlier decoder is #211410 and will upgrade 3311, 3511 and 3514 to simple digital operation. Another difference between the two decoders is that the newer 673470 connects to six wires rather than five as with the earlier 211410."

About the 37550, some people say this is not the best runner. Reasons are the light weight, the Portescap DC motor, gear drive only to one axle, other axles are rod-driven, and most importantly: the missing speed control. Dr. König and Thomas Krüger deducted circuit schematics and proved that the decoder of these locos does not measure the load on the motor and has no closed loop control of the motor.

Links:
* [http://home.arcor.de/dr.koenig/digital/fauli.htm Circuit diagrams of the "Glockenanker"-decoders "with regulation"] by [http://tho.krueger.bei.t-online.de/ Thomas Krüger] and [http://home.nexgo.de/dr.koenig/digital/digital.htm Dr. Michael König]
* [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Basteln/Loks/Da/BR55.htm Pictures of the 605293 decoder] by [http://www.hanno-b.de/Modellbahn/Eisenbahn.htm Hanno Brüninghaus]

==== The 60905-equivalent special decoder of the E 69 ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60905
|-
| spare part no || 603781
|-
| built in model || E 69: 37475, 37476?
|-
| chip || 701.22B
|-
| functions || aux. function, f4 = momentum off
|-
| motor || DC
|}

This decoder is basically identical to the decoder in the Delta version of this loco. Unlike the delta variant, this decoder has potis for speed and momentum adjustment. 

=== The 6090x-equivalent special decoders for steam tender locos ===
Steam locos with a 2'2'T26 tender or cabin tender (BR01, BR03, BR41, BR43, BR44, BR50, BR52) (but not with oil or bathtub tender) have a decoder of special larger size that is customized to fit onto the tender weight and includes a lamp socket for rear light. There is a 6090 and a 60902 equivalent version. They have identical dimensions and are therefore easily replacable.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 6090
|-
| spare part no || 673380
|-
| built in model || BR 43, 44: 37880, 37881, 37882
|-
| chip || 701.13
|-
| functions || -
|-
| motor || [[DCM]], converted to DC
|-
| size || 61 × 26 mm
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| equivalent to || 60902
|-
| spare part no || 602758
|-
| built in model || BR 03, 44: 29845, 37952, 37884
|-
| chip || 701.22 B
|-
| functions || f1, f2, f4 momentum off
|-
| motor || [[DCM]], converted to DC
|-
| size || 61 × 26 mm
|}

=== More 6090- and 60902-equivalent special decoders ===
There exist a lot of 6090 and 60902 equivalent special decoders. [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/ Hans-Günter Heiserholt] tries to keep track of all of them. I especially recommend the following of his pages:
* [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/p03_maedec_00000.htm Übersicht alle Märklin Lokdecoder (German)]
* [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/p03_maedec_dig03_so_ueb.htm Märklin 6090 Lokdecoder Sonderbauarten (German)]
* [http://hgh-esn.ath.cx/p03_maedec_dig04_so_ueb.htm Märklin 6090x Lokdecoder Sonderbauarten (German)]

== C-Sinus decoders ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| chip || 701.40
|-
| headlight || directional, flicker-free, protected
|-
| functions || typically aux. function, f1, f2, f4 momentum off
|-
| addresses || DIP switch, 80 digital, automatic analog mode
|-
| motor || brushless motor ("C-Sinus")
|-
| size || -
|}

Unlike traditional motor designs that can be combined with different decoders, the C-Sinus motor and its corresponding decoder are one unit, connected through a flexible conductor foil (flexible PCB). A C-Sinus motor ("CSM"), in the engineering world better known as a brushless motor, works only together with its decoder. It has been introduced in 1999 with the ICE-Sinus (39710). The decoder chip understands the Motorola 2 protocol, provides 27 speed steps, has automatic analog detection, and flicker-free lighting.

The driving truck of the loco is very similar to a DCM truck: bearing and tooth wheel are compatible, but some iron has to be milled away from a DCM truck to accept the CSM. Märklin does not offer a separate conversion kit. To convert old locos, suitable units of CSM with decoder can be found, however, as spare parts from existing CSM locos. If the old loco to be converted has a CSM "brother", the new CSM motor truck could be ordered as well to allow trouble-free mounting of the CSM. For general conversions (as said, only to be considered if you can mill (file?) the DCM motor truck) of DCM locos the most suitable motor & decoder units seem to be
* 214168, CSM & decoder, from SBB Re460 (3960x)
* 218991, CSM & decoder, from SBB Ce 6/8 - Crocodile (39560) 

These two seem to be units where the decoder has the same size as a 6090x decoder, and it should therefore be possible to use for example the clip-on holder 258820. Units from other CSM locos have larger decoders which have additional sound circuitry on board.

== Lähteet ==
* [https://bogobit.de/decoder/dectype.html Märklin Decoder Types - Bogobit]

[[Luokka:Dekooderit]]